Glam Rock
English: , English rock musician
of the band Slade (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Glam rock (also known as
glitter rock) is a style of
rock and
pop music that developed in the
United Kingdom in the early 1970s, which was performed by singers and musicians who wore outrageous clothes, makeup and hairstyles, particularly platform-soled boots and glitter.
Glam
Rock Stars (Photo credit: avrenim_acceber)[/caption] Musically
glam rock was very diverse, varying between the simple
rock and roll revivalism of figures like
Alvin Stardust to the complex art rock of
Roxy Music, and can be seen as much as a fashion as a musical sub-genre.
Visually it was a mesh of various styles, ranging from 1930s
Hollywood glamour, through 1950s pin-up sex appeal, pre-war
Cabaret theatrics,
Victorian literary and
symbolist styles,
science fiction, to ancient and occult
mysticism and
mythology; manifesting itself in outrageous clothes, makeup, hairstyles, and platform-soled boots. Glam is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of
androgyny, beside extensive use of theatrics. It was prefigured by the showmanship and gender identity manipulation of American acts such as
The Cockettes and
Alice Cooper, (once called, "Shock Rock's Glitter King") the latter of which combined
glam with what now is termed as
shock rock.
Glam rock emerged out
of the English
psychedelic and
art rock scenes
of the late 1960s and can be seen as both an extension of, and reaction against, those trends. Its origins are associated with
Marc Bolan, who had renamed his folk duo
T. Rex and taken up electric instruments by the end
of the 1960s. Often cited as the moment of inception is his appearance on the
UK TV programme
Top of the Pops in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second
UK Top 10 hit (and first
UK Number 1 hit), "
Hot Love".
From late 1971, already a minor star,
David Bowie developed his
Ziggy Stardust persona, incorporating elements of professional make up, mime and performance into his act. Bowie in a 1972 interview while noting that other artists described as
glam rock were doing different work said "I think
glam rock is a lovely way to categorize me and it's even nicer to be one
of the leaders of it".
These performers were soon followed in the style by acts including Roxy Music,
Sweet,
Slade,
Mott the Hoople,
Mud and Alvin Stardust.
While highly successful in the single charts in the UK, very few of these musicians were able to make a serious impact in the United States; Bowie was the major exception becoming an international superstar and prompting the adoption of
glam styles among acts like
Lou Reed,
Iggy Pop,
New York Dolls and
Jobriath, often known as "glitter rock" and with a darker lyrical content than their British counterparts.
In the
UK the term glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of
glam pursued by
Gary Glitter and his support musicians the
Glitter Band, who between them achieved eighteen top ten singles in the
UK between 1972 and 1976. A second wave of
glam rock acts, including
Suzi Quatro,
Roy Wood's
Wizzard and
Sparks, dominated the British single charts from about 1974 to 1976. Quatro directly inspired the pioneering Los Angeles based all-girl group
The Runaways.Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted
glam styles, including
Rod Stewart,
Elton John,
Queen and, for a time, the
Rolling Stones.
Punk rock, often seen as a reaction to the artifice of
glam rock, but using some elements
of the genre including makeup and involving covers versions of
glam rock records, helped end the fashion for
glam from about 1976.

Although
glam rock went into a steep decline in popularity in the second half
of the 1970s it was a direct influence on acts that rose to prominence later, including
Kiss and American
glam metal acts like
Quiet Riot,
W.A.S.P.,
Twisted Sister and
Mötley Crüe. It was a major influence on the
New Romantics in Britain, acts like
Adam Ant, Visage, Duran Duran, and
Flock of Seagulls extended it, and its androgyny and sexual politics were picked up by acts including
Culture Club,
Bronski Beat and
Frankie Goes to Hollywood.
It also had an influence on the formation of
gothic rock, which was completely informed by the make-up, clothes, theatricality and sound, and even on
punk rock, which adopted some
of the performance and persona-creating tendencies
of the genre, as well as the genre's emphasis on pop-art qualities and simple but powerful instrumentation.

In
Japan in the 1980s,
visual kei was strongly influenced by
glam rock aesthetics. Glam has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in
R&B crossover act
Prince, and bands such as
Marilyn Manson,
Placebo,
Chainsaw Kittens,
Spacehog and
The Darkness. courtesy Wikipedia Related articles